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Clostridium acetobutylicum
''Clostridium acetobutylicum'', ATCC 824, is a commercially valuable bacterium sometimes called the "Weizmann Organism", after Jewish-Russian-born Chaim Weizmann. A senior lecturer at the University of Manchester, England, he used them in 1916 as a bio-chemical tool to produce at the same time, jointly, acetone, ethanol, and butanol from starch. The method has been described since as the ABE process, (Acetone Butanol Ethanol fermentation process), yielding 3 parts of acetone, 6 of butanol, and 1 of ethanol, reducing the former difficulties to make cordite, an explosive, from acetone and paving the way also, for instance, to obtain vehicle fuels and synthetic rubber.
Unlike yeast, which can digest sugar only into alcohol and carbon dioxide, ''C. acetobutylicum'' and other Clostridia can digest whey, sugar, starch, cellulose and perhaps certain types of lignin, yielding butanol, propionic acid, ether, and glycerin.
==In genetic engineering==
In 2008, a strain of ''Escherichia coli'' was genetically engineered to synthesize butanol; the genes were derived from ''Clostridium acetobutylicum''. In 2013, the first microbial production of short-chain alkanes was reported - which is a considerable step toward the production of gasoline. One of the crucial enzymes - a fatty acyl-CoA reductase - came from ''Clostridium acetobutylicum''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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